Understanding BGP states is essential to grasp how BGP operates. Similar to interior gateway protocols (IGPs) like EIGRP, OSPF, or ISIS, BGP establishes peering with other routers before exchanging routing information. However, unlike IGPs, BGP...
Video is an interesting network application. Many users consume hours of video per day, and an hour of HD video is easily more than a gigabyte in size. Those...
When flying, it's important to choose the right airline. Obviously, a direct connection is usually best, but if a layover is necessary, it helps if the...
The network that never needs any maintenance, along with the associated downtime, hasn't been built yet. You can plan your own downtime such that impact on...
In our last post, we took a look at RPKI. With RPKI, it's possible to reject prefixes that are originated by the wrong AS, as well as prefixes longer (more...
In our last post, we looked at protecting the TCP session that carries BGP information between two routers, mainly against spoofed TCP resets. However, a much...
[This post launches the “BGP Security Month” on Noction blog, which will continue with other 3 posts to come till the end of April.] Back in the late 1980s...
Yesterday, an incident occurred where an Autonomous System (AS) advertised more than 7,000 prefixes that belong to other networks. These are "more specific"...
As discussed in earlier posts, as networks grow larger it starts making sense to exchange traffic with other networks directly (peering) rather than pay one...
BGP is older than IPv6. Even BGP-4, the version we still use today, predates IPv6: the first BGP-4 RFC (RFC 1654) was published in July 1994, while RFC 1883,...
As explained in our last blog post, packet loss and latency can seriously impact application performance. There's not much we can do about latency, because...
The triumvirate of network performance metrics are latency, loss and jitter. Today, we're going to take a look at how each of them — especially latency and...
Business people often believe that in order to have a reliable system, you need reliable components. Using reliable components to build your network certainly...
At home, we pay an ISP to transport our packets to and from the rest of the world. Most organizations do the same. But once a network gets to a certain size,...
One thing we all learn quickly after getting started with BGP is that if left to its own devices, the protocol will happily propagate everything everywhere....
It’s common knowledge that Border Gateway Protocol has no ability to make performance-based routing decisions and often routes traffic through paths that are...
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is a standard protocol that network devices use to control each other and report critical information. The main...
There are several route optimization techniques applied to networks distinguished by a single routing domain. The traditional approach requires network...
Our customers ask repeatedly about the benefits IRP brings to their infrastructure. To address some of these questions we've compiled a few Overview Reports...
