Understanding BGP states is essential to grasp how BGP operates. Similar to interior gateway protocols (IGPs) like EIGRP, OSPF, or ISIS, BGP establishes peering with other routers before exchanging routing information. However, unlike IGPs, BGP...
Once a BGP session is established, routers will exchange two types of messages: KEEPALIVE and UPDATE. Keepalive messages are sent to let a neighboring router...
In many online games, very good network performance is a prerequisite for satisfactory gameplay. However, there are many kinds of games, and their networking...
We've talked about network latency several times in previous blog posts. Today, let's drill a bit deeper on that topic, and especially how it influences...
Video is an interesting network application. Many users consume hours of video per day, and an hour of HD video is easily more than a gigabyte in size. Those...
When flying, it's important to choose the right airline. Obviously, a direct connection is usually best, but if a layover is necessary, it helps if the...
The network that never needs any maintenance, along with the associated downtime, hasn't been built yet. You can plan your own downtime such that impact on...
In our last post, we took a look at RPKI. With RPKI, it's possible to reject prefixes that are originated by the wrong AS, as well as prefixes longer (more...
In our last post, we looked at protecting the TCP session that carries BGP information between two routers, mainly against spoofed TCP resets. However, a much...
[This post launches the “BGP Security Month” on Noction blog, which will continue with other 3 posts to come till the end of April.] Back in the late 1980s...
Yesterday, an incident occurred where an Autonomous System (AS) advertised more than 7,000 prefixes that belong to other networks. These are "more specific"...
As discussed in earlier posts, as networks grow larger it starts making sense to exchange traffic with other networks directly (peering) rather than pay one...
BGP is older than IPv6. Even BGP-4, the version we still use today, predates IPv6: the first BGP-4 RFC (RFC 1654) was published in July 1994, while RFC 1883,...